The third edition of Krishan Chawla's widely used textbook, Composite Materials, offers integrated and completely up-to-date coverage of composite materials. The book focuses on the triad of processing, structure, and properties, while providing a well-balanced treatment of the materials science and mechanics of composites.
Composite Materials By Kk Chawla Pdf Free 258
The fourth edition of Krishan Chawla's widely used textbook, Composite Materials, offers integrated and completely up-to-date coverage of composite materials. The book focuses on the triad of processing, structure, and properties, while providing a well-balanced treatment of the materials science and mechanics of composites. In this edition of Composite Materials, revised and updated throughout, increasing use of composites in industry (especially aerospace and energy) and new developments in the field are highlighted. New material on the advances in non-conventional composites (which covers polymer, metal and ceramic matrix nanocomposites), self-healing composites, self-reinforced composites, biocomposites and laminates made of metals and polymer matrix composites is included. Examples of practical applications in various fields are provided throughout the book, with extensive references to the literature. The book is intended for use in graduate and upper-division undergraduate courses and as a reference for the practicing engineers and researchers in industry and academia.
Biopolymers are highly adaptable and offer more functionality than traditional synthetic polymers. For example, many proteins have evolved over billions of years to carry out a myriad of diverse tasks such as catalysis, molecular recognition, and the storage of energy or information. Chances are, if there is a material needed for a specific application, nature has already designed a protein or polysaccharide for the job. For example, spider silk fibers outperform most of their synthetic polymer counterparts in toughness [5], [11], [12]. Proteins such as hemoglobin and ferritin are excellent binders of metal ions such as iron. Ferritin has even been used as a scaffold for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles [13]. Chitin and cellulose are often used to make thermally stable films [1]. In addition, more recent studies have used cellulose for optically clear glasses and papers. [14], [15]. These are but a few examples and do not even begin to scratch the surface of the myriad of functionalities biopolymers can have. But that does not mean nature is perfect, since natural materials have evolved to fulfill multiple criteria. In fact, many of these systems can be improved for specific applications simply by adding synthetic materials, such as inorganic nanoparticles. Using biopolymers as scaffolds offers a diversity that cannot be matched by traditional synthetic polymer systems; and the addition of nanoparticles into biopolymer fibers allows a tunability of the material that would not otherwise be realized. These hybrid composites allow for antimicrobial, thermally, electrically, magnetically, and/or light-responsive materials with unmatched renewability, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties.
The two most commonly studied and also the most abundant polysaccharides in nature are cellulose and chitin [17]. Chitin is derived from many crustaceans, insects, mollusks, and fish and is most commonly treated with a deacetylation process to form chitosan [2]. Conversely, cellulose typically is derived from plants, such as wood from trees, cotton, algae, and even can be secreted by bacteria, making it the most abundant biopolymer on Earth [17]. Both cellulose and chitosan can be processed into fibers, films, and gels with good mechanical properties, and it should come as no surprise that they are common materials for use in bionanocomposites [1], [2], [15].
Magnetic nanoparticles are a subset of nanoparticles that exhibit a magnetic response when exposed to a magnetic or electric field. Magnetically responsive materials may appear a niche topic when compared to nanoparticle research in antimicrobial, thermally, or electrically responsive biocomposites, but their application introduces a diverse field of responsive materials where morphology and topology can be controlled via magnetic fields [42]. Furthermore, tunable morphology invites a diverse range of applications from membranes, to filtration, and even for biosensor and electronic applications [21], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49]. 2ff7e9595c
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